Happy Women's History Month in March! Many countries celebrate International Women's Day every year on March 8th, some as official public holidays, and some less formally. Unfortunately, none of the major English-speaking countries—the United States, the United Kingdom, or Canada—observe the holiday officially. The United States has, however, made Women's History Month a "proclaimed" one-month observance since 1987. Every year, the White House makes an official proclamation about it.
This experience has convinced me that we all need to focus on the issues that afflict women around the world, and we need to do it now.
Captions 9-10, A Message from Prince Harry - At the CHIME for Change Concert
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What are some of the issues that affect, or as Prince Harry puts it, afflict women around the world?
You're disrespectful, bullying, sexist, and I hate to say it, misogynistic.
Caption 14, Madonna - The Glee Club
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You probably know what the first three words above mean, but do you know what is meant by "misogyny"? This unpleasant word comes from the ancient Greek words for "hate" and "women."
Women's liberation has made us not have to be slaves to our anatomy.
Captions 57-58, Mayim Bialik - Open Relationships
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"Women's liberation" is a term for the women's rights movement. And while it is true that women's rights have advanced a lot in some countries, there is still a long way to go for women to truly have equal rights under the law and in real practice around the world.
By investing in education and women's rights, and raising people out of poverty, we could bring about "peak human" even sooner.
Captions 12-14, WWF International - How to Save Our Planet
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In this video, the speakers believe that better women's rights are essential in improving the evolution of humanity.
Thank you for showing your support for women's rights.
Caption 4, A Message from Prince Harry - At the CHIME for Change Concert
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You are very welcome, Prince Harry.
Further Learning
But seriously—and this goes for everyone, not just the males of the species: When is the last time you had a good talk about women's rights? Watch the videos above on Yabla English and write down some questions that come to mind in English. Then, either in small groups or in tandems, talk about your views on some of the issues. How we can improve our support for women's rights in our own lives?
In last month's Yabla English lesson, we discussed heterographs. Today, we'll be taking a look at homographs. These are homophonic words that sound the same and are spelled the same but have different meanings. Homographs can be quite confusing in spoken language, because the only way to know the meanings of the words that sound the same is by the context in which they are used. The word "homograph" comes from Ancient Greek and literally means "written the same."
A female brown bear has shown up in the delta with her cub.
Caption 10, Nature & Wildlife - Search for the Ghost Bear
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OK, sure, it looks complicated, but bear with us.
Caption 3, Brexit - What Happens When the UK Leaves the EU?
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The noun "bear" is a large and sometimes dangerous land mammal. The verb "to bear" means to carry something or to go along with something. Thus, somebody who "bears arms" is carrying weapons, and "to bear with somebody" is literally to follow them or figuratively to follow a concept they are explaining. The verb "to bear" can also mean to have children or offspring. Here is an example of a homophone pair in a single sentence: "The mother bear was ready to bear her cubs."
There was a mother duck sitting on her seven eggs.
Caption 6, Fairy Tales - The Ugly Duckling
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I've also always believed that we have to confront big decisions, not duck them.
Caption 36, Brexit - David Cameron Resigns as UK Votes to Leave
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The noun "duck" is a flat-billed water fowl or bird, whereas the verb "to duck" means literally to lower your head for safety, or figuratively to avoid something. Thus the question "Can a duck duck?" is asking if this species of bird is capable of lowering its head for safety. It sounds pretty funny too, right?
Why, she wouldn't even harm a fly.
Caption 23, Alice Cooper - Along Came a Spider
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Airplanes fly there every day.
Caption 41, Motorcycle Masters - Birmingham Alabama
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This one is quite easy. The noun "fly" is an insect, and the verb "to fly" is to move through the air. Unless it's in pretty bad health, your average housefly should be able to fly!
We can go by train, by plane, or by bus.
Caption 5, A Weekend in Amsterdam - Planning the Trip
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We don't train them, we don't do anything like that.
Caption 28, Animal Planet - Lions Treat Woman like the Leader of Their Pride
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The noun "train" is the way to travel on railways, and the verb "to train" is to teach or learn by instruction or drill. Since trains are mechanical machines, they can be engineered, but I don't think they can really be "trained" to behave!
Further Learning
Take a look at this list of 299 English homographs and make yourself familiar with some of the words that are new to you. Once you have looked up the definitions to learn what the different meanings are, find some videos on Yabla English that use the words in different contexts.
Don't be afraid of the difficult-looking words above! It's really quite simple: Homophones are all words that sound the same, but have different meanings. Heterographs are simply homophones that have different spellings. They can be quite confusing in spoken language, because the only way to tell homophones and heterographs apart is by the context in which they are used. The word "homophone" literally means "sounds the same," whereas the word heterograph means "written differently."
English has a large number of heterographs, and this probably has a lot to do with the history of the language. English is a Germanic language, meaning that it has its basic roots in the languages that were spoken in Scandinavia more than a thousand years ago. These peoples, called the Saxons, occupied much of Britain for centuries. But in the 1100s, the Normans, from what is now in France, invaded much of Britain and brought with them influences from the French language. This is also why English spelling can seem so difficult. The mix of languages in its development made for a mix of influences that also changed over time. For example, the word "rough" is pronounced RUFF, but the word "through," with the same -ough letter combination, is pronounced THROO. Let's take a look today at some heterographs in English.
Oh no. It's going to rain all week.
Caption 20, Sigrid explains - The Weather
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There have been ravens here since the reign of Charles the Second.Caption 9, The London Story - Tower of London
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The words "rain" and "reign" sound the same. But if somebody is talking about weather, you'll know they are probably talking about rain. On the other hand, if the talk is about a king or a queen, they are likely discussing reigns.
I can hear about what they've been up to since they've been here.
Caption 48, The Apartment - Maggie's Visit
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In the example above, the heterographs "hear" and "here" both appear in the same sentence. Again, in most cases you can tell the difference in their meanings by the contexts in which the words are spoken.
OK, sure, it looks complicated, but bear with us.
Caption 3, Brexit - What Happens When the UK Leaves the EU?
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The koala bear is not a bear. It's a marsupial.
Caption 38, English with Lauren - Contradictions
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And our nightgowns are trailing and our feet are bare.
Caption 10, Katie Melua - Moonshine
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In the first example above, we see the verb "to bear," which figuratively means "to have patience" or literally "to carry" something. The noun "bear," which refers to a large mammal, is a homophone of the verb "to bear." They are spelled the same but mean different things. The last example, "bare," sounds the same as the verb "to bear" and the noun "bear," but is spelled differently. "Bare" can mean "uncovered," as in "bare feet," or "empty," as in "a bare cupboard." So a silly sentence like "Bear with the bare bear" means "Have patience with the uncovered large animal."
Pollination happens when insects, such as bees, or wind, or other forces of nature transport pollen from one flower to another.
Captions 31-32, Luana explains - Plants
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Mix the baking powder well into the flour before adding it to the other ingredients.
Caption 14, English Afternoon Tea - Victoria Sponge - The Royal Connection
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Again, the context in which the word is spoken will help you to know if the speaker is talking about flowers or an ingredient in a recipe!
Further Learning
Take a look at this list of 335 English heterographs and make yourself familiar with some of the words that are new to you. Then choose a pair of words that are pronounced the same, but spelled differently, and find some videos on Yabla English that use the words. Listen to the videos with the captions turned off so you can practice listening to the two words in the context of the videos. In most cases, you will probably know which word is meant! You can also watch the 10-Part Yabla series "The History of the English Language."
If you ever decide to move to an English-speaking country, you may be looking for an apartment or house to rent. Let's take a look today at some of the basic English terminology related to renting a place of your own! Note that in some countries like the UK, an apartment is often informally called a "flat."
Are you still looking for an apartment?
Caption 3, Side by Side: Beginners Looking for an apartment
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The first step in finding an apartment is to look for one! Sometimes people also say they are "apartment-hunting."
Hi, I'm calling about an apartment that I saw listed on craigslist?
Caption 33, Jessica and Liz: How Much and How Many
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How much does it cost? -A thousand a month.
Caption 36, Jessica and Liz How Much and How Many
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Looking on the internet is one of the best ways to find listings for rental apartments. Some people still use a website called craigslist, but in the United States, one of the most popular current websites is Zillow. Once you have found an available apartment that meets your requirements for size, price, and neighborhood etc., you can make an appointment to see the apartment.
Many employers don't check references at this stage of the application process.
Caption 4, Business Life: Curriculum Vitae
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The video above is about a job application, but when you find an apartment you like, you will then need to fill out an apartment application. In your application, you state things like job and landlord references. Sometimes potential landlords will ask your permission to run a credit check on you, which in some cases requires you to pay a fee. You may have to pay this fee whether you get the apartment or not, so be careful in these situations!
And how soon can you send us the contract to finalize the deal?
Caption 48, The Company: Difficulties with Coworkers and Contracts
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Once your rental application and credit check are approved, the next step is for you to sign a rental contract. This is often referred to as a "lease."
And if you're interested you can put down a deposit. How much money do you want for the deposit? 200 for the deposit and I'd like the first month's rent up front.
Captions 49-51, Jessica and Liz: How Much and How Many
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In most cases, you will be required to pay a rental deposit, either directly to the landlord, or into a shared escrow account. The amount is usually the equivalent of two or three months' rent.
Where are my keys?
Caption 50, Parts of Speech: Question Words
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Once you have signed the rental contract, it is standard for the landlord to give you the keys to the apartment.
I'm so excited to show her our new apartment.
Caption 3, The Apartment: Maggie's Visit
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Congratulations on getting your new place, at least in theory! A good English vocabulary will help you in your quest, but you'll need a little bit of luck too!
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and watch the entire Looking for an Apartment video, then practice any new words that you've learned. Happy holidays from Yabla!
This is the third and final lesson about non-digital office supplies that we use in the workplace and at school. You probably know some of the words already, but today let's take a look at some items that may be new to your vocabulary.
On your desktop you will see a folder marked "Irish Promotion."
Caption 32, The Company: Starting on a New Job
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This book is big. This is a red folder.
Caption 31, Parts of Speech: Introduction
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A folder is a folded piece of plastic or thin cardboard that you can store papers in. Like many office supplies, the folder has a digital counterpart, such as the virtual folders on your computer desktop.
I take notes in a notebook or on a notepad.
Caption 9, The Alphabet: The Letter N
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Do you know where you can see da Vinci's notebook?
Caption 20, Visit London: Top 10 London Attractions
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A notebook or notepad is a bit like a book with blank pages. Sometimes they are bound like a book, and sometimes they are bound with piece of spiral wire. Some laptop computers are called notebooks or notepads. So while Leonardo da Vinci would probably have been very impressed with a laptop, they hadn't yet been invented in the 15th century!
And in this cubby I have my interior design tools like my scale ruler and my measuring tape.
Captions 39-40, Creative Space: An Artist's Studio
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A cubby, also called a "cubbyhole," is a small shelf that may be part of a desk or part of a free-standing shelf. Cubbyholes are convenient for keeping items that you use a lot within easy reach.
A scale ruler is a kind of ruler that designers and architects often use. Unlike a flat ruler, the scale ruler is shaped on the end like a 3-pointed star and has 6 sides.
A measuring tape, also called a "tape measure," is for measuring things that are longer than a standard ruler. Measuring tapes roll up into a small case that you can carry in your pocket.
Let's get down to brass tacks.
Caption 20, Groucho Marx: You Bet Your Life
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A tack, or "thumbtack," is usually a round piece of metal with a pin attached that allows you to attach papers onto a bulletin board or a wall.
A bulletin board is a somewhat large board usually made out of cork for tacking papers onto. A tack with a plastic handle that makes it easier to pull out is called a push-pin.
Note that in the video caption above, the phrase "to get down to brass tacks" is an expression that means "to get down to the basic facts." It probably came from Cockney rhyming slang.
Further Learning
Review Part I and Part II of this office supplies series to see if you remember the different English names for the various items commonly found in an office. Then go to to Yabla English and watch the videos above to get a better overview of the words you just learned. If you're feeling really brave, read the Wikipedia article above and see if you can invent your own Cockney rhyming slang for something!
Let's talk today about office supplies that we use in the workplace and at school. Some words, like "ballpoint pen," you probably know already, but let's take a look at some items that may be new to your vocabulary.
This is a felt-tipped pen because the tip, the end — usually a small end — is made of felt or something synthetic.Captions 15-17, Sigrid explains: The Tipping Point
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Felt-tipped pens are also called "marking pens" or "permanent markers." This is because you can write on surfaces like steel or plastic with them and the ink does not rub off. They also often smell bad!
This highlighter is pink, and pink is usually just red and white mixed together,
Captions 31-32, Luana explains: Colors
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A highlighter, also called a "highlighter pen," is often used to mark passages of text in books with bright colors so you can more easily find them again. Since this makes it difficult for someone else to read it later, you may want to consider marking the book lightly with a pencil instead. It's also more environmentally friendly.
The caveman assembles the board with glue.
Caption 5, Caveman Skatetech: Desert
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Glue is a sticky fluid used to fasten objects such as wood and paper together. There are many different kinds of glue for different purposes.
I use a ruler to draw a straight line.
Caption 52, The Alphabet: The Letter U
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A ruler is a straight, flat, and narrow piece of wood, plastic, or metal that you can draw a straight line with, but it usually also has centimeter or inch markings on it so that you can measure something. Builders often use a tape measure, which is much longer than a ruler, and rolls up into a small case that is portable.
Most people think that the pink part of the eraser is for pencil marks.
Captions 36-37, Facts Verse: 10 Things You Did Not Know The Use For
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An eraser is a rubber-like object you use to remove or erase pencil marks.
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and watch the videos above to get a better overview of the words you just learned. Stay tuned for the last part of our office supplies series next month!
Let's talk today about office supplies that we use in the workplace and at school. Some words, like "ballpoint pen," you probably know already, but let's take a look at some items that may be new to your vocabulary.
Who, from what I hear, needs to keep his stapler in his desk drawer.
Caption 39, New Year's Resolutions: Friends
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The Merriam-Webster dictionary describes a stapler as "a small usually hand-operated device for inserting wire staples." A stapler looks like this!
I have a brown tape, a paper tape, and this clear tape.
Caption 25, Abiventures: Organizing
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The tape described above is adhesive tape, which usually comes in rolls and has a band of plastic or paper that is sticky on one side.
What's this envelope? Is this a wedding invitation?
Caption 3, How I Met Your Mother: Douche-pocalypse
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An envelope is the folded paper holder in which you send and receive letters—the part of a letter that has the address on it.
My green pencil... My red pencil... My yellow pencil.
Captions 44-46, David and Red: in England
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A pencil is, of course, a writing instrument, usually made of wood with a graphite center. They are sometimes called "lead pencils," because in ancient times, people sometimes wrote with sticks of lead. Pencils that are other colors, such as those in the video above, are called "colored pencils."
I'm cutting this string with my scissors,
Caption 12, The Alphabet: The Letter C
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In English, unlike many other languages, the noun "scissors" is always plural. Thus you say "The scissors are..." and never "The scissors is..." The word "scissor," without the -s ending, can be a verb or an adjective, however.
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and watch the videos above to get a better overview of the words you just learned!
Per esprimere una conseguenza dipendente da una condizione si usa il periodo ipotetico, che è costituito da una if clause (proposizione secondaria), introdotta appunto dalla congiunzione if (se) e da una main clause (proposizione principale). Quando la if clause viene per prima, spesso si inserisce una virgola tra le due:
If you have any questions, please ask your cabin crew.
Se avete delle domande, per favore chiedete ai vostri assistenti di volo.
Caption 17, British Airways safety video director's cut - Part 2
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Nel periodo ipotetico, la condizione può essere introdotta congiunzioni diverse da if. La proposizione secondaria può iniziare, per esempio, con:
per parlare di condizioni certe, che si verificheranno sicuramente
When we finish our exams, we'll go on a trip to the seaside.
Quando finiremo gli esami, andremo a fare una gita al mare. (è sicuro che li finiremo)
per porre una condizione negativa, equivalente a if... not
And cars pollute the air, unless they are electric.
E le auto inquinano l'aria, a meno che non siano elettriche.
Captions 20-21, Slow News with Sigrid Alternative transportation
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Notate che in italiano "a meno che" viene seguito da un verbo alla forma negativa, mentre in inglese unless è seguito da un verbo alla forma affermativa.
per sottolineare in modo più forte l'idea di restrizione o limitazione. Si usa spesso con i permessi
You can have a sleepover at your friend's provided his parents are at home.
Puoi dormire dal tuo amico a condizione che i suoi genitori siano a casa.
But for your help, we would never make it. (oppure: if it weren't for your help...)
Se non fosse per il vostro aiuto, non cela faremmo mai.
Then some jeans, of course, a sweatshirt with a hood, just in case it gets cold and there's wind.
Poi dei jeans, chiaramente, una felpa con il cappuccio, in caso faccia freddo e ci sia vento.
Captions 18-19, Parts of Speech Question Words - Part 5
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Per esprimere desideri difficilmente realizzabili, sogni o fantasie, oltre alle forme I would really like / love to (mi piacerebbe davvero tanto), si può usare il verbo to wish (desiderare) con queste costruzioni:
wish + past simple / past continuous oppure wish + could + verbo alla forma base per desideri riferiti a situazioni presenti:
I wish Miss Thompson was here.
Vorrei che la signorina Thompson fosse qui.
Caption 71, Between Two Women The Movie - Part 16
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wish + would + verbo alla forma base solo se si vorrebbe che qualcuno facesse qualcosa di diverso:
Hi parents wish he would stop smoking.
I suoi genitori vorrebbero che smettesse di fumare.
wish + past perfect per esprimere rimpianti, desideri riferiti a situazioni passate ormai immodificabili:
Well, I wish you had thrown the ball to me!
Be', vorrei che avessi lanciato la palla a me!
Caption 28, Jessica and Liz Conjugate the Verb 'Throw'
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La congiunzione if only + past simple (se soltanto/se solo) si usa per esprimere un desiderio, ma anche disappunto o rincrescimento per un fatto presente:
But if only I had my golden ball back!
Ma se solo avessi indietro la mia palla d'oro!
Caption 14, Fairy Tales The Frog King - Part 1
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if only + past perfect si usa invece per esprimere rimpianti riguardo a una situazione passata:
If only I hadn't said those words. (anche: I wish I hadn't said those words.)
Se solo non avessi detto quelle parole.
Many parts of the world are experiencing a heat wave of unprecedented scale this summer. As an extreme example, the United Kingdom experienced temperatures of 104 degrees Fahrenheit for the first time in recorded history. Let's talk today about the heat wave and other aspects of hot weather — hopefully with some nice, cool air conditioning running!
DJ, let the beat play, make a heat wave when you replay this.
Caption 50, Madcon feat. Ray Dalton: Don't Worry
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The heat wave referred to here is a metaphor, or figure of speech, but the heat wave enveloping many English-speaking countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom this summer is very real.
With more energy in the atmosphere, weather becomes more extreme, so there are more floods, droughts, and storms.
Captions 64-66, FuseSchool: How Burning Fossil Fuels Leads to Climate Change
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A common side effect of heat waves is droughts. The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines "drought" as "a period of dryness especially when prolonged; specifically, one that causes extensive damage to crops or prevents their successful growth." It is therefore likely that the heat will cause there to be shortages in food production and higher prices in the coming year.
This heat makes more ice melt, which in turn allows more heat to be absorbed.
Caption 80, FuseSchool: How Does Global Warming Affect The Environment
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Another problem with excessively hot weather is the melting of the polar ice caps, which leads to rising ocean levels and floods.
The sea ice acts like the world's air conditioner.
Caption 35, Arctic Sea Ice: Why melting matters
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Many places that are now experiencing heat waves have rarely seen such high temperatures and do not have the infrastructure to deal with them. In some places, living spaces, offices, schools, and public transport do not have air conditioning, which makes day-to-day living uncomfortable and even dangerous. The heat can present a major health risk for the elderly and people suffering from illnesses.
I have a fan, so in the summertime it's cool enough for me to be in here.
Captions 16-17, Creative Space: An Artist's Studio
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If you don't have an air conditioner and are experiencing extreme heat where you live, having a good fan is the next best thing!
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and search for terms like "heat" and "weather" to find more videos relating to hot weather. If you're experiencing intense sunny weather where you live, be sure and follow some good rules for safety in the sun. Thank you for learning English with Yabla and do your best to stay cool out there this summer!
For those of you reading this lesson on the day it was published, today is the Fourth of July. In many countries, it's just another day of the month, but in the United States it is a federal holiday. The date is the anniversary of the Declaration of Independence in 1776, when the American colonies declared that they were no longer under the control of Great Britain.
One of the most important holidays in the United States is Independence Day or the Fourth of July. We can also say "July fourth," but when we're talking about that holiday we traditionally say "the Fourth of July."
Captions 30-33, Sigrid explains: Numbers - Part 3
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Many people in the United States celebrate this holiday with a variety of traditional activities. Let's take a look at a few of these today.
It's high summer with warm weather on the Fourth of July, so people often celebrate the holiday by going picnicking and even boating, if there is a lake nearby.
You can have a picnic, there's a lake to take boats out on.
Caption 26, Jessica: Brooklyn Sites
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Cold beer in a cooler and meat cooked on a barbecue are also Fourth of July holiday traditions, but some iced tea or lemonade for the kids and teetotalers, and some vegan sausages for the vegetarians have become traditional too!
Not to mention a cooler for the beer, and the meat for the evening barbecue.
Caption 39, The Last Paradises: America's National Parks
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Traditional Fourth of July picnic salads include potato salad, pasta salad, and a variety of fruit salads.
Then, I'm going to prepare a little salad of cherry tomatoes.
Caption 23, Food Talk with Sigrid: Simple Summer Vegetables
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But even more for its amazing flavor, no Fourth of July picnic would be complete without a fresh, ripe watermelon!
Watermelon, for its beautiful color...
Caption 14, Tara's Recipes: Delicious Fruit Salad with Greek Yoghurt
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The highlight and grand finale of a good Fourth of July is, however, the inevitable fireworks:
It started at seven and ended at one with an amazing fireworks display!
Captions 13-14, The Olympics: Interesting facts by Zara
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Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and study the captions in the videos above to get a better idea of the contexts in which they are used. Happy Fourth of July to all of you, wherever you may be!
Se siete dei tipi socievoli e avete da poco conosciuto qualcuno (a new American friend) con cui vi andrebbe di trascorrere un po' di tempo, dovete essere in grado di formulare degli inviti in un inglese impeccabile. In questa lezione troverete degli esempi da cui partire per formulare le vostre proposte.
Will and would (più formale) sono usati in domande alla seconda persona per:
-invitare qualcuno a fare qualcosa:
Will / Would you dance with me?
Balleresti con me?
-offrire qualcosa in maniera formale (seguito da have):
Will you have some pie?
Gradisci un po' di crostata?
-fare una richiesta:
Would you mind closing that window?
Ti dispiacerebbe chiudere quella finestra?
Caption 61, English with Annette O'Neil Formally and Informally Asking for Help - Part 1
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La costruzione più usata per offrire qualcosa (in forma interrogativa), in maniera comunque gentile, è would seguito dal verbo like. Si tratta della forma condizionale del verbo "volere" e si usa per esprimere volontà e desideri. Would like può essere seguito da un verbo all'infinito oppure da un sostantivo:
Would you like some breakfast? I'm making coffee.
Vorresti qualcosa per colazione? Sto facendo il caffè.
Caption 8, The Apartment Maggie's Visit - Part 3
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What would you like to drink? -Some fruit juice, please.
Cosa desideri da bere? -Del succo di frutta, per favore.
Con le stesse funzioni, ma in contesti più informali, si usa il verbo regolare to want (volere). Anch'esso, come would like, può essere seguito da un verbo all'infinito o da un sostantivo:
Do you want to have a look round, Victor?
Vuoi dare un'occhiata qui in giro, Victor?
Caption 61, Between Two Women The Movie - Part 7
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Un altro modo, facile ed informale, per offrire qualcosa o invitare qualcuno a fare qualcosa con noi è la costruzione how about + sostantivo o verbo al gerundio. Notate come possiamo rendere più casual un invito che suonava parecchio formale:
How about some pie?
Ti va un po' di crostata?
How about working as a lifestyle photographer with “Time Out” magazine?
Che ne dite di lavorare come fotografo di lifestyle [stile di vita] con la rivista "Time Out"?
Caption 19, The Best Jobs In The World Official Trailer
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Per dire che si vuole che qualcuno faccia qualcosa, si usa la costruzione oggettiva I want / would like someone to do something, e non "I would like that someone does something":
I'd like you to give me another chance.
Vorrei che tu mi dessi un'altra possibilità.
I want you to come back.
Voglio che tu torni.
Caption 28, Parks and Recreation Best of Ron & April - Part 2
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Per esprimere preferenza si usano le costruzioni
I would prefer to / I'd prefer to + verbo alla forma base
I would rather / I'd rather + verbo alla forma base (+ than...)
Rather è un avverbio che significa "piuttosto", quindi I'd rather do this than (do) that significa letteralmete "farei questo piuttosto che quello" e quindi "preferireri fare...":
I'd rather play some soccer.
Preferirei giocare a calcio.
Caption 66, Once upon a time... Planet Earth The guardians of the planet - Part 3
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Summer is on its way, and if you are lucky, you may have a garden in your yard that you can take care of. To do that, it may help if you know the names of the gardening tools that you may need. Let's take a look today at some of the English names of some standard gardening tools.
This is what parts of Australia looked like before the European settlers arrived with their axes and saws.
Captions 14-15, BBC Planet Wild: Alien Animals
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An ax is used to chop through the trunks of trees and large branches. The word is made plural by adding "-es" for "axes." Sometimes the singular word is written as "axe," which is grammatically correct, but perhaps a bit old-fashioned. "Ax" is also a verb, "to ax." Thus you can ax a tree down, or you can cut a tree down with an ax.
A saw is used to cut through the trunks of trees and large branches. The plural form is, as you see in the example above, "saws." You can also use "to saw" as a verb. Thus you can saw a tree down, or you can cut a tree down with a saw. A saw that is especially made for cutting branches is called a "pruning saw."
I rake the leaves with a rake.
Caption 25, The Alphabet: The Letter A
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A rake is a gardening tool with a long, usually wooden handle. It has a wide metal fork with hooked ends that allow you to gather leaves and yard debris, much as you sweep with a broom. As you see in the example above, "to rake" is a verb and a "rake" is a noun.
We helped with hands and wheelbarrows, shovels and sweat.
Captions 46-47, All Hands: Volunteers Appeal Video
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People have to shovel their driveways and sidewalks in front of the house.
Caption 43, The Seasons: Winter
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A shovel, also called a spade, also usually has a long wooden handle. Its end is a triangle-shaped flat metal piece that is used to dig holes in the ground or move dirt, sand, and even snow. As you see in the second example, "to shovel" is also a verb.
A wheelbarrow is a cart with one wheel in front and stands in the back that is used to carry dirt, sand, and other similar things. There is no verb derived from "wheelbarrow," and usually its usage is "to push a wheelbarrow."
And anyone who laid it on with a trowel...
Caption 18, The History of English: Shakespeare
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A trowel is similar to a shovel, but much smaller. It works well for making small holes to put potted plants into the ground. The phrase "to lay it on with a trowel" is also an idiom, or saying, that means "to exaggerate."
People have lawn mowers and they mow the lawn.
Captions 27-28, Sigrid Spring Musings
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A lawn mower is a machine used to cut the grass or lawn. Some of them are manual and require a lot of force to push them by hand. Most lawn mowers today have electric or gasoline motors, and some even have powered wheels. There are also lawn mowers called "riding lawn mowers" that you can sit on and drive.
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and study the captions in the videos above to get a better idea of the contexts in which references to these garden tools have been made. You can also go to this site and see a long list of different kinds of gardening tools.
With most English nouns, you simply add an "s" to make the noun plural. The singular word for "noun" is "noun," and if you want to describe more of them, you just add an "s" to make it plural: "nouns." Sometimes there are irregular plurals with no "s," such as the singular "man" becoming the plural "men."
However, there are a number of nouns in English which cannot really be counted and are never used in plural form with an "s" ending. These are called mass nouns (or sometimes "uncountable nouns"). The Oxford Dictionary describes a mass noun as "a noun denoting something that cannot be counted (e.g. a substance or quality), in English usually a noun which lacks a plural in ordinary usage and is not used with the indefinite article."
Children often make the mistake of adding "s" to mass nouns, which is cute but also shows that it's not so easy to understand their usage. "Mommy, look at all the sheeps!" and "I really like to eat spaghettis!" are cute, but unfortunately grammatically incorrect!
You have a sheep and a hippo? -Yeah.
Caption 58, Jimmy Kimmel: Lie Detective
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A herd of bighorn sheep ends up blocking traffic on their way to a better grazing ground.
Caption 1, The Last Paradises: America's National Parks
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"Sheep" is a mass noun and there is no such word as "sheeps": One sheep, two sheep, three sheep.
They can play chess, if they wish.
Caption 30, George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four: BBC TV Movie
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The noun "chess" is not used in a plural sense at all. You can have "games of chess," "chess sets," or "chess boards," but in these cases, "chess" is being used as an adjectival describer and the nouns being described are the plurals.
Would you like to sample our vegan bacon?
Caption 1, Parks and Recreation: Best of Ron & April
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The only way to suggest "bacon" in singular form is to combine it with other descriptions such as "a piece of bacon" or a "little bit of bacon."
All spaghetti spoons have a hole in the bottom.
Caption 60, Facts Verse: 10 Things You Did Not Know The Use For
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With "spaghetti" too, you can have "lots of spaghetti" but not "spaghettis."
Thank you for showing your support for women's rights.
Caption 4, A message from Prince Harry: at the CHIME for Change concert
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You may see the word "supports" with an "s" in verb form, as in "Prince Harry supports women's rights." You also see it in a different meaning for the noun, such as "the steel supports for the building." But when you are talking about the kind of support that means you are giving approval, comfort, or encouragement to someone or something, then it's always a mass noun.
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and study the captions in the videos above to get a better idea of the contexts in which mass nouns have been used. You can also go to this site and see a long list of mass nouns.
English, like many languages, uses a lot of idioms referring to animals. Let's continue from Part I and take a look today at some more English animal expressions.
We're dying like flies down here!
Caption 16, Stephen King: The Stand
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The more common phrase is "dropping like flies," and probably comes from people having seen many dead flies on window sills, which gave the impression that they die in large numbers. The phrase usually means that many people have gotten sick or are dying.
We'd get together and horse around a little bit and sing.
Caption 5, Elvis Presley Jailhouse Rock
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The phrase "to horse around" probably comes from seeing horses play, and means "to fool around." Another common related phrase with a similar meaning is "to indulge in horseplay."
Everything is fast paced in a rat race.
Caption 10, Core Kiteboarding: The Core Diaries
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The term "rat race" probably comes from seeing rats run a long way to try to get a small piece of food. Wikipedia describes "rat race" as "an endless, self-defeating, or pointless pursuit." In American English, "getting out of the rat race" means to quit a stressful job and pursue a less hectic means of employment.
I wouldn't say it was a wild goose chase...
Caption 41, Karate Kids, USA: The Little Dragons
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A "wild goose chase" is a fool's errand, or an attempt to pursue something that is hopeless. It probably comes from wild geese being difficult to catch.
The King James Bible is the book that taught us that "a leopard can't change its spots," that "a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush," that "a wolf in sheep's clothing" is harder to spot than you would imagine, and how annoying it is to have "a fly in your ointment."
Captions 18-21, The History of English: The King James Bible
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This caption addresses four common animal sayings. "A leopard can't change its spots" means that it's impossible or very difficult for a person to change their character. "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush" means that you shouldn't risk what you have if you might lose it seeking additional gain. It can also mean you should be satisfied with what you have. "A wolf in sheep's clothing" suggests somebody who is pretending to be a friend, but is in fact an enemy. Lastly, "the fly in the ointment" means that something unexpected has caused something to go wrong. It's also a warning that something may seem too good to be true.
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and study the captions in the videos above to get a better idea of the contexts in which they have been used. You can also go to this site and see some other English phrases that use animals.
English, like many languages, uses a lot of idioms referring to animals. You may have heard the English expression "as hungry as a horse" (very hungry) or "monkey see, monkey do" (when somebody copies somebody else). What these expressions have in common in all languages is that they refer to some quality that is associated with a specific animal in that culture: Horses eat a lot of food and monkeys can be mimics—always compared to humans, of course. Let's take a look today at some English animal expressions.
All of the sudden, one of the orcas made a beeline in this direction.
Caption 2, National Geographic: WILD Killer Whale vs. Great White Shark
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Similar to the English expression "as the crow flies"—meaning the fastest way between two points is a straight line—the phrase "to make a beeline" means "to go quickly" or "to go directly." Speaking of bees:
Leave me the birds and the bees.
Caption 21, Counting Crows with Vanessa Carlton: Big Yellow Taxi
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The phrase "to know about the birds and the bees" means "to have received education about sex," but it is often used as a general metaphor for sex. And now we're on to birds:
I killed two birds with one stone!
Caption 36, English: Common Phrases
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This expression fortunately has nothing to do with actually killing any poor birds, but means "to get two (or more) things done at once." There's also another somewhat similar idiom, "better a bird in the hand than two in the bush." This means it is better to actually have something real than risk losing it by trying to get something better. Speaking of birds again:
Well if he wants to play chicken, this rooster ain't backing down.
Caption 15, How I Met Your Mother: The Perfect Cocktail
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The phrase "to play chicken" means to play a dangerous game to see who is bravest. A famous movie used this as part of its plot: In the film Rebel without a Cause, the actors James Dean and Corey Allen "play chicken" by racing cars towards the edge of a cliff to see who will dare to stay in the car the longest before jumping out. Spoiler alert: it doesn't end well!
At that moment, the witch realized that there was something fishy, and started yelling at her.
Captions 45-46, Fairy Tales: Rapunzel
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The usual expression is "something fishy is going on," and it means that something about a person or a situation is suspicious or not as it appears. It probably comes from the fact that even though a fish at the market may look fine, it smells bad if it is no longer fresh.
Further Learning
Go to Yabla English and study the captions in the videos above to get a better idea of the contexts in which they have been used. You can also go to this site and see some other English phrases that use animals.
In una lezione precedente, abbiamo parlato della differenza tra il Present perfect e il Simple past, due tempi verbali che in italiano corrispondono perlopiù al passato prossimo dell'indicativo. Se desiderate ripassare la costruzione di questi due tempi verbali, leggete questa lezione.
Il present perfect è un tempo verbale che fa da ponte tra il passato e il presente e può corrispondre (anche se non sempre) al passato prossimo italiano. Si usa per esprimere un'azione o una situazione passata che ha una relazione con il presente. Si forma con l'ausiliare have e il past participle (participio passato) del verbo principale: soggetto + have/has + verbo al participio passato.
I've been in New York for three years.
Sono a New York da tre anni. (sono arrivata tre anni fa e sono ancora qui)
Quando parliamo di situazioni che hanno avuto inizio nel passato e che continuano nel presente, specificandone la durata o il momento di inizio (duration from up to the present), usiamo il present perfect, a differenza dell'italiano dove in questi casi il tempo usato è il presente indicativo. Non c'è dunque corrispondenza con il tempo usato in inglese. Inoltre, se in italiano useremo sempre la preposizione "da", in inglese dobbiamo fare una distinzione tra for e since.
Per specificare il periodo della durata dell'azione si usa la preposizione for:
It's now six o'clock. They have been here for two hours.
Ora sono le sei. Sono qui da due ore.
Per precisare il momento di inizio dell'azione, si usa la preposizione since:
[Since two thousand three Nespresso works with the Rainforest Alliance]
[Dal duemilatredici Nespresso lavora con l'Alleanza per le foreste pluviali]
Caption 18, AAA Program 10 Years of shared commitment to sustainability
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Per chiedere "da quanto tempo" dura una certa situzione la domanda può iniziare con How long...? o For how long...? (da quanto tempo), oppure Since when...? (da quando).
So, you... you've been with your girlfriend for how long now?
Quindi, tu... tu stai con la tua ragazza da quanto tempo adesso?
Caption 44, Ed Sheeran Interview with Ellen DeGeneres
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Since when the hell do you give orders around here?
[Che] diavolo, da quando dai ordini qui?
Caption 3, Dream to Believe aka Flying - Part 13
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La forma di durata espressa con il present perfect si trova solitamente con i verbi di stato come to be, to have, to know, to want, to love... e con i verbi di azione alla forma negativa:
They haven't written to me for a year.
Non mi scrivono da un anno.
Osserva le espressioni for long/for a long time (da molto tempo) e for ages (da una vita):
So, Mars has been dry for a long time.
Quindi, Marte è arido da molto tempo.
Caption 51, Slow News with Sigrid Water on Mars, the Oscars, and more
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I've known them for ages. We've lived door to door since we were children.
Li conosco da una vita. Abitiamo porta a porta da quando eravamo bambini.
Yabla published a Happy Valentine's Day lesson some years ago, but we've added a lot of new videos since back then that discuss the holiday, so here is Part II of the series! You may have heard about Valentine's Day, but you may not know that much about it if it wasn't celebrated where you grew up. In primarily English-speaking countries, Valentine's Day is often celebrated by giving your loved one a valentine's card, flowers, or chocolates. In the United States and the United Kingdom, it takes place on February 14th every year, but is not an official public holiday.
I hope people will be around to watch even though it's Valentine's Day.
Caption 14, Dr. Sheldon Cooper: Fun with Flags
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We too hope that you will read this lesson, even though today is Valentine's Day. (Sorry if you are late in reading this!)
Every woman wants a date on Valentine's Day.
Caption 17, How I Met Your Mother: Desperation Day
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That is simply not true: some people prefer to be alone. And besides, just as many men want dates too. The above video is actually a comedy, and it's against Valentine's Day, preferring to call it "Desperation Day." Anyway, it's okay to feel any way you want to about it!
And today is Valentine's Day here. -Today is Valentine's Day. That is true. Happy Valentine's Day, everybody.
Captions 41-42, Luana and Austin: How They Got Married
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Indeed, happy Valentine's Day to you, too. Celebrate it any way you like or not at all. That's the great thing about this holiday, it's strictly optional. Unless, of course, you're in a relationship, and then it's best if both of you agree!
And what's your plan for Saint Valentine's Day?
Caption 1, NorthEasternTV: What Are Northeastern Students Doing for Valentine's Day?
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Yes, that can be a troubling question if you are single and worrying about it. Best not to worry about things though, just have a good time with some similarly single friends or just ignore the holiday altogether! Note that sometimes, as above, the holiday has the saint's name included in it, which you occasionally see. If you choose to be critical of Valentine's Day, it's reassuring to know that there were three Saint Valentines, and nobody is even really sure which saint the holiday was named for!
Note that "Valentine" is written with the first letter capitalized when it's a proper noun, such as "Valentine's Day," a person's name like "St. Valentine," or a band name like "My Bloody Valentine." But when you write about the type of card known as "a valentine" or ask somebody to "be your valentine," then it's always written lowercase.
Further Learning
If you're a bit skeptical about the holiday, watch the How I Met Your Mother episode on Yabla English. But if you're feeling more supportive, watch the Valentine's Day movie trailer. Either way, we at Yabla wish you all a happy Valentine's Day!
Immaginate di essere a Londra e di voler fare un giro in città. Se avete poco tempo, la soluzione migliore è la metropolitana. Se ci siete già stati, non farete fatica a ricordare una piccola frase che viene ripetuta quasi ininterrottamente da una voce computerizzata che vi ricorda di fare attenzione allo stacco tra la banchina e la porta del treno. Stiamo parlando di questa:
Mind the gap, please.
Attenzione allo spazio, per favore.
Caption 40, London London Transport (A1-A2)Play Caption
Ma in questa lezione non parleremo della metropolitana. L’esempio precedente serve ad introdurre una parolina inglese che racchiude in sé tanti significati. Questa parola è mind. Partiamo subito con il primo:
He has a quick mind.
Ha una mente sveglia.
Quindi stiamo parlando di un sostantivo, the mind (la mente), in riferimento proprio al complesso delle facoltà intellettive e psichiche dell’uomo. Ma mind talvolta può riferirsi anche al cervello, quindi per estensione all’intelligenza. Fin qui, i significati possono essere racchiusi in un’unica sfera: mente, cervello, intelligenza… Aggiungiamone altri due: "idea" e "opinione".
I’ve changed my mind. I prefer the red dress.
Ho cambiato idea. Preferisco il vestito rosso.
Attenzione! Mind da solo non vuol dire "idea", non diremmo mai I have a mind per dire "ho un'idea". Solo se preceduto dal verbo to change questo sostantivo assume questo significato specifico. E se invece proprio non riuscite a decidervi su qualcosa, allora qualcuno potrebbe anche rispondervi così:
Well, you'd better make up your mind.
Be', farebbe meglio a decidersi.
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Mind if I sit here? -Sure.
Ti dispiace se mi siedo qui? -Certo.
Caption 45, Dream to Believe aka Flying - Part 4
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Would you mind closing that window?
Ti dispiacerebbe chiudere quella finestra?
Caption 61, English with Annette O'Neil Formally and Informally Asking for Help - Part 1
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Suggest you let the Army mind their business and you mind yours, unit sixteen. Bye.
Ti suggerisco di lasciare che sia l'esercito ad occuparsi dei loro affari e tu dei tuoi, unità sedici. Passo.
Caption 31, Stephen King The Stand - Part 4
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Un'altra sfumatura del verbo to mind è "dare importanza", "dare peso a qualcosa". Molto diffusa è l'espressione never mind (non importa), usata in riferimento a qualcosa che non ha peso o valore, qualcosa a cui non diamo importanza in quanto priva di rilievo o senza gravi effetti.
Questa espressione è anche usata in frasi colloquali di forma o di senso negativo, per esprimere più o meno sprezzantemente noncuranza e disinteresse.
to bear/keep in mind (tenere presente, considerare)
to go out of your mind (andare fuori di testa)
to have in mind (avere in mente)
What do you have in mind?
Cos'hai in mente?/Qual è la tua idea?
to blow somebody's mind (stupire qualcuno, lasciare a bocca aperta):
It blew those tourists' mind! They've never seen anything like that!
Quei turisti sono rimasti a bocca aperta! Non hanno mai visto niente del genere!
Caption 56, Naish Kiteboarding TV Welcome to Chucktown - Part 1
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to speak your mind (parlare francamente):
She speaks her mind.
Lei parla la sua mente [dice quello che pensa].
Caption 11, Talking About People PersonalitiesPlay Caption
L'ultima cosa che comes to mind (ci viene in mente) è di consigliarvi di cercare mind tra i video di Yabla Inglese. Troverete tanti altri esempi con questa parolina che arricchirà sicuramente il vostro vocabolario.